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81.
The long-established use of enzymes for food processing and product formulation has resulted in an increased enzyme market compounding to 7.0% annual growth rate. Advancements in molecular biology and recognition that enzymes with specific properties have application for industrial production of infant, baby and functional foods boosted research toward sourcing the genes of microorganisms for enzymes with distinctive properties. In this regard, functional metagenomics for extremozymes has gained attention on the premise that such enzymes can catalyze specific reactions. Hence, metagenomics that can isolate functional genes of unculturable extremophilic microorganisms has expanded attention as a promising tool. Developments in this field of research in relation to food sector are reviewed. 相似文献
82.
Assessing all pertinent environmental variables to categorize a skill level to safely navigate the water environment can be difficult for inexperienced kayakers, especially at a remote site where internet access is limited. A real-time kayaker safety assessment of water environmental conditions at the Mainland Sea Caves of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Lake Superior is achieved. We present a new cyberinfrastructure that provides kayakers with real-time data access and a Safety Index (SI) with consideration of multiple environmental factors to characterize the degree of navigational difficulty for classifying kayaker skill levels. Specifically, radar reflectivity is added to improve forecasts of dangerous conditions caused by convective storms using state-of-the-art weather and wave modeling. Spectral characteristics of surface waves are employed to correlate the occurrences of extreme and freak waves. In addition, unexpectedly dangerous conditions like coastal upwelling and freak wave occurrence due to changing wind directions are considered. A contingency plan is implemented to handle the issue of possibly missing required environmental data. Display of the SI and visualization of other real-time environmental data are communicated by a power-efficient kiosk. Web analytics demonstrates a public interest in real-time water conditions and the need for the on-site kiosk to provide the latest information before kayakers enter the water. The new real-time water environment cyberinfrastructure for kayaker safety in the Apostle Islands, Lake Superior has been successfully operated since 2014. 相似文献
83.
Norfariza Jamaluddin David C. Stuckey Arbakariya B. Ariff 《Critical reviews in food science and nutrition》2018,58(14):2453-2465
ABSTRACTBacteriocin is a proteinaceous biomolecule produced by bacteria (both Gram-positive and Gram-negative) that exhibits antimicrobial activity against closely related species, and food-borne pathogens. It has recently gained importance and attracted the attention of several researchers looking to produce it from various substrates and bacterial strains. This ushers in a new era of food preservation where the use of bacteriocin in food products will be an alternative to chemical preservatives, and heat treatment which are understood to cause unwanted side effects, and reduce sensory and nutritional quality. However, this new market depends on the success of novel downstream separation schemes from various types of crude feedstocks which are both effective and economic. This review focuses on the downstream separation of bacteriocin from various sources using both conventional and novel techniques. Finally, recommendations for future interesting areas of research that need to be pursued are highlighted. 相似文献
84.
针对深水浅层非成岩天然气水合物借鉴刨煤机刨削采煤过程提出一种新的拉削开采方法,参照拉刀结构特点设计了一种集开采、收集和输送为一体的拉削管。建立了拉削开采三维模型,对其工作原理和工作步骤进行了说明。用有限元仿真对采空区和拉削管受力进行了分析。结果表明,岩土力学仿真下采空区开采半径和开采角度的增大都会引起剪切应力的增加,最大剪切应力发生在采空区上部的起始位置和终止位置;在不发生剪切破坏的采空区中选择体积较大者作为理想采空区,估算出拉削开采方法的日产气量为142000 m3,具有应用潜力;开采工况下,拉削管的最大等效应力小于管材的屈服极限,表明开采过程中拉削管处于弹性形变,满足方法需求。 相似文献
85.
Ji Eun Du Young Ah You Eun Jin Kwon Soo Min Kim Jeongae Lee Ki Hwan Han Young Ju Kim 《International journal of molecular sciences》2020,21(23)
Fetal programming implies that the maternal diet during pregnancy affects the long-term health of offspring. Although maternal diet influences metabolic disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in offspring, the hepatic mechanisms related to metabolites are still unknown. Here, we investigated the maternal diet-related alterations in metabolites and the biological pathway in male offspring at three months of age. Pregnant rats were exposed to 50% food restriction during the prenatal period or a 45% high-fat diet during the prenatal and postnatal periods. The male offspring exposed to food restriction and high-fat diets had lower birth weights than controls, but had a catch-up growth spurt at three months of age. Hepatic taurine levels decreased in both groups compared to controls. The decreased hepatic taurine levels in offspring affected excessive lipid accumulation through changes in hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 A methylation. Moreover, the alteration of gluconeogenesis in offspring exposed to food restriction was observed to a similar extent as that of offspring exposed to a high fat diet. These results indicate that maternal diet affects the dysregulation in hepatic metabolism through changes in taurine levels and HNF4A methylation, and predisposes the offspring to Type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in later life. 相似文献
86.
Research on food waste reduction suggests that solutions aimed at reducing waste early in the consumption cycle are the most impactful. Based on this premise, food research labs and food manufacturers have started creating and selling foods made from food ingredients that are generally discarded. Such foods, termed upcycled foods, are safe for human consumption and provide a promising solution to reduce food waste. However, the commercial success of this new category of foods will depend on consumers’ acceptance. This research examines a key indicator of acceptance – consumers’ willingness to pay. We find that although consumers are willing to pay less for upcycled foods compared to conventional alternatives, messaging increases consumers’ willingness to pay. Specifically, we find that rational messaging is more effective than emotional messaging. Overall, our findings suggest that upcycled foods may command good acceptance among consumers. 相似文献
87.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(22):31160-31167
In this study, a novel UO2/SiC nanocomposite pellet was constructed via in-situ hydrothermal synthesis and SPS. Such method could avoid the problem of traditional mechanical mixing that could obtained the molecular level mixing during a chemical process. Using such method, SiC was dispersed uniformly in the UO2 matrix. Its thermal conductivity is significantly higher than those of UO2 pellet fabricated using hydro-thermally prepared powder and traditional UO2 pellets at both working temperature (400 °C) and near-accident temperature (1000 °C). The thermal conductivity of UO2/SiC nanocomposite pellet increased 23.7 % over traditional UO2 and 48.9 % over UO2 pellet fabricated using hydro-thermally prepared powder at 400 °C. It also increased 33.6 % over traditional UO2 and 74.8 % over UO2 pellet fabricated using hydro-thermally prepared powder at 1000 °C. These advantages are expected to maintain high thermal conductivity of fuels, enhance heat transferring efficiency of reactors, and minimize risks of pellet failure in the entire fuel life cycle. 相似文献
88.
Wilfred A. Abia Holly Montgomery Anne P. Nugent Christopher T. Elliott 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2021,20(1):501-525
Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are secondary plant metabolites derived mainly from Solanaceae plant families, with the most virulent invasive species being Datura stramonium. Datura stramonium commonly grows in cereal fields and produce TAs (e.g., hyoscyamine and scopolamine) which may accidentally contaminate cereals (and cereal-based foods) at occasionally high levels. Dietary exposure to TAs can be toxic and depending on the dose ingested can cause outcomes ranging from anticholinergic effects to acute poisoning and death. In 2019, 315 adults became ill and another five adults died in Uganda following consumption of a “Super Cereal” (a fortified blended food) that was later confirmed to be contaminated by TAs—a scenario which provoked this holistic review on TAs in foodstuffs. Thus, this article provides information on the history, development, occurrences, exposures, and human legislative and health benchmarks for TAs. It describes control strategies for reducing TA contamination of agricultural commodities and resultant health implications following consumption of TA contaminated foodstuffs. Adequate application of food safety control measures (including maximum limits) and good practices, from the start of cereal cultivation through to the final stages of manufacturing of food products can aid in the reduction of seeing toxic plants including D. stramonium in cereal fields. 相似文献
89.
为促进我国消费者对香肠的合理消费与饮食健康,引导企业生产营养健康的香肠,利用《中国食物成分表》(第1册第2版)的16 种香肠及其营养素数据,构建富含营养素食物(nutrient-rich foods,NRF9.3)模型,评价香肠整体营养价值,并借鉴瑞典的锁孔(Keyhole)标识和英国的多交通灯信号标签进行相应的包装正面(front of package,FOP)标签应用探索。结果表明:除了儿童肠、火腿肠外,14 种香肠的NRF9.3<0,每100 kcal的推荐性营养素含量均低于限制性营养素,对人体的营养价值较低,适合采用总结指示体系和特定营养素体系的FOP标签进行标示;因此,居民日常应限制香肠摄入,建议对脂肪、盐含量超标的香肠采用红色交通灯信号标签提醒消费者,对NRF9.3>0的香肠实施单一的健康选择标识推荐消费者选购。 相似文献
90.